1. Background
2. Lessons from tunnels behavior during earthquakes
3. Response and performance analysis – case studies (from earthquakes in Japan, Taiwan, Turkey, Greece)
4. Tunneling design criteria (empirical methods, Bieniawaski, Barton and aftes methods, NATM method, TBM, observational method), analytical solutions, FEM solutions

Chiều

14h00 đến
17h30

5. Seismic design (Materials Characterization, Definition of Seismic Action), Case Studies: tunnel in Turkey, Dakai Station, Monastiraki Station and Keramikos Station

6. Construction issues: Introduction of techniques, Case Studies: Odelouca tunnel, Cais Sodre metro station, Carenque tunnel, Penalva tunnel, Porto underground
7. Ground improvement: Presentation of different techniques
8. Prevention and remediation: Case Studies
9. Instrumentation and monitoring
10. Risk analysis
11. Visual inspections
12. Final remarks and topics for discussion